Unclassified ECO / WKP ( 2002 ) 17
نویسنده
چکیده
This paper reviews the extent to which OECD countries have opened the provision of publicly funded services to competition among public and private suppliers. The paper lays out an analytical framework identifying the inherent incentive and efficiency issues associated with the provision of publicly funded services and outlines how they may be addressed via performance-related funding, benchmarking, contracting-out by public agencies and voucher schemes which allow users to choose among suppliers while maintaining public funding. Also, the empirical literature on contracting-out of technical and support services and on school choice is reviewed. In compulsory education, the provision mode is relatively uniform across OECD countries with most students by far attending public schools. However, the involvement of private institutions increase with education level and orientation towards occupational skills, and in many countries funding arrangements for public institutions are being reformed like introducing per-student funding. In childcare and long-term care for elderly and disabled, tax-credits and cash-benefits for purchase of care are frequently used as an alternative to provision by public institutions. Subcontracting of support services is common, but seems generally to be applied less in public administration than in business services. The overall picture that emerges is that OECD countries use quite different arrangements-there is no " one way " of providing publicly funded services. Concurrence et efficacité dans les services financés par le secteur public Cette étude examine dans quelle mesure les pays de l'OCDE ont ouvert l'offre de services financés par l'Etat à la concurrence entre fournisseurs publics et privés. Elle définit un cadre analytique pour identifier les problèmes intrinsèques d'incitation et d'efficience associés à la prestation de services financés par l'Etat et montre brièvement comment ceux-ci peuvent être résolus avec un financement lié aux résultats, des analyses comparatives, des contrats de sous-traitance par les organismes publics et des programmes de coupons, de façon à permettre aux usagers de choisir entre plusieurs fournisseurs tout en maintenant les financements publics. Par ailleurs, le document passe en revue les études empiriques sur la sous-traitance des services techniques et de soutien et sur le choix de l'établissement scolaire. Au stade de la scolarité obligatoire, le mode de prestation est relativement uniforme dans l'ensemble des pays de l'OCDE, la très grande majorité des élèves fréquentant l'école publique. Toutefois, la participation des établissements privés s'accroît à mesure que le niveau d'enseignement s'élève et que les étudiants s'orientent vers des filières professionnelles ; par ailleurs, …
منابع مشابه
Unclassified ECO / WKP ( 2002 ) 4
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متن کاملUnclassified ECO / WKP ( 2001 ) 13
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